Attentional Control Theory Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Mood alterations and though processes often have a major impact on the autonomic bodily processes such as perspiration, heart and pulse rates, skin conductance and skin resistance. Findings show an important relation between cognitive performance, heart and pulse rate variability and neural function (Thayer et al, 2009, p141). Physiological changes also have their implications on academic test performances as well. Each of the phenomena i. e. anxiety, physiological change and performance are interdependent and closely associated. The most widely studied change is that of heart rate and consequent pulse rate alteration owing to sense of anxiety. During a research study performance and pulse rate changes of non-test anxious and test-anxious subjects were analyzed and it was found that low-test anxious students performed much better in academic than high test anxious students. In the same study it was found that during self-evaluation of performance student with high-test anxious had m uch lesser confidence and anticipated much worse results than their actual performance (Kenneth et al, 1978, p443). Some researchers sued the Catastrophe model to relate anxiety, physiological changes and performance. The Catastrophe model was primarily used to explain the cognitive anxiety and subsequent effect on performance in sports. We will write a custom essay sample on Attentional Control Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Vitasari et al applied the model and measured physiological arousal and recorded the anxiety level using STAI (state trait anxiety inventory) and SAS (study anxiety scale). They related these to the academic performance of the subjects and concluded that â€Å"high level of physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety is a significant factor that creates low academic performance† (Vitasari et al, 2011, p615). Morris and Liebert analyzed the academic performances of high school and college students and vindicated their hypothesis that cognitive test anxiety was highly and negatively associated to test performance and pulse rate also affected performance even though much less significantly than worry (Morris & Liebert, 1970, p332). Test anxiety is a common phenomenon and there is little doubt that it plays a significant role in altering our body responses such as pulse rate. Research has also successfully established an intimate association betw een anxiety, pulse rate and performance in academic field. Most importantly it has become clearer that academic performance is more significantly affected by the feelings of cognitive anxiety prior to a test than the modification of pulse rate even though the latter does affect performance to a minute extent as well.

The Effects Of Classical Music On Music - 931 Words

What is defined as â€Å"good† or â€Å"real† music? How does an individual come to define that? Many would say that classical music is â€Å"real† music since it is the basis of music that is created today and it has lasted through time. It is still heard today, one of the first types of music to last. Others may strongly disagree; even though it has stood the test of time what actually makes this the sole definition of â€Å"good† music? It doesn’t, there really is not a true universal definition. There are multiple views on what is considered â€Å"real† or â€Å"good† and that is what needs to be brought to attention, that there is not a single wrong or right in this field. Merriam-Webster defines â€Å"good† as adequate or satisfactory (â€Å"Good†). There are billions of different definitions of â€Å"good† music because each definition of the music found to be satisfactory is created by a different individua l. Music taste is largely based on opinion and where that opinion comes from is what is important. Everyone is different, so psychologically some people find one type of music more appealing over another, this taste is also influenced by the environment someone grows up in. Being able to form opinions is an important aspect of life that humans develop as they age. Of course not everyone will share the same views, but that is what makes everyone unique. There are countless types of music in the world, and everyone is affected by music in one way or another. Once opinions on music are formed, however, thereShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Classical Music On Music785 Words   |  4 PagesHow to start listening to classical music and enjoy it. The love of classical music is not dead; it’s still active(alive?) in the sense that it is dying. To start listening to classical music, the concept is quite simple actually, you first must press play on whatever music playing device you have and make special note that it be classical music. Although the action to doing it is elementary, there are other factors you have to consider. For example: motivation, electricity/internet, and your moodRead MoreThe Effects of Classical Music on Individual3091 Words   |  13 Pagespeople who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people. Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number ofRead MoreThe Effect of Classical Music on Exam Scores Essays2757 Words   |  12 Pagesself-confidence, and social stigma. Utilizing background music has long been studied as a factor to calm the mind and improve performance within the testing environment. Yahaya (2008) proposed the existence of a link between a students’ improvement in reasoning and visualization in the presence of background music. He stated the brain develops from stimulation of their senses by music. It has been suggested that classical music, due to its soothing tones and slow-tempo, results in relaxationRead MoreClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, and finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreThe Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory2260 Words   |  10 PagesThe aim of this experiment was to measure the effect of classical music on short-term memory. The research hypothesis was that subjects would score significantly lower in a memory test of ten objects when listening to â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† than the subjects listening to no music. In this experiment the design was repeated measures, meaning the participants took part in both the music and no-music conditions. The purpose of this was to prevent variables which may occur due to differences inRead More Does Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development?1857 Words   |  8 PagesDoes Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development? In 1998, Zell Miller, the governor of the state of Georgia, started a new program that distributed free CDs with classical music to the parents of every newborn baby in Georgia. Why did he do this? He certainly was not just trying to be nice and win a political statement; instead, his idea came from a new line of research showing a link between listening to classical music and enhanced brain development in infants. (1) SoRead MoreEffects Of Rock And Classical Music On The Heart Rate Of Grade 11 Girls1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Knowing how music affects heart rate can allow athletes to choose the correct music to make them more motivated and energized during their training sessions enhancing their performance and improving their competitive results; in addition knowledge of what genre of music could decrease their performance and times is equally important (Roth, 2013). It is important to know if the music has the ability soothe ill patients in hospitals as it may reduce their heart rate to in turn reduceRead MoreHow Has Classical Music Changed the World1724 Words   |  7 PagesHOW HAS CLASSICAL MUSIC CHANGED THE WORLD How has classical music changed the world we live in? The world we live in has changed but Classical music has remained the same. Classical music isn’t really prevalent in today’s society. Classical music doesn’t appeal to this generation. Classical music is more appreciated by older generations. Classical Music is not as popular today as it used to be. It has been around for hundreds of years and it is the oldest type of music out there. Classical musicRead MoreMusic Vs. Classical Music916 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Music How often do you listen to music while you’re studying to try to make the task more entertaining? Students regularly listen to music while studying as a way to help them stay engaged in studying (Beentjes, Koolstra, van der Voort, 1996). Well, based on what music you listen to, you may actually be hindering yourself rather than helping. When students listen to classical music while they are studying it has many beneficial effects. It has positive body influences, it activatesRead MoreClassical Music and Its Affect On Society865 Words   |  4 Pages How Classical Music Has Affected Society Music and society have always been intimately related. Music reflects and creates social conditions. Musics interconnection with society can be seen throughout history. Every known culture on the earth has it. Music seems to be one of the basic actions of humans. The influence of it on society can be clearly seen through ancient to modern history. The strongest effect given off from a genre of music would have to be classical music. The genre’s ability

Restaurant management Essay Example For Students

Restaurant management Essay My interview is with a manager of a restaurant, the restaurant can have as many as 75 customers, and staff of 14. The restaurant served your everyday American food. The person whom I interviewed started as an assistant manager at the young age of 27. He has been a manager for the restaurant for the past 7 years. I considered him a Functional Manager because of the definition in the book, i. e. He supervises the work of employees whom engages in different specialties, such as waiters/waitress, kitchen help, accounting, and quality control. But in the same realm he is considered a General Manager because he oversees the operations, helps in solving problems, spotting problems before they occur and insuring the safety of all employees and customers. He decided to become a manager because he felt that he could motivate people, and help them realize their potential. He decided to become a restaurant manager because he enjoyed being around food and that type of fast pace environment. When interviewing this person it became very evident that he is an effective manger because he possesses many key managerial skills. If a manager wants to prevent her employees from quitting she must keep them happy and in order to do that she must focus on what the employee wants. Combining my personal experience with the data that I researched, I have written this report on the two most important standards that I feel a restaurant manager must enact to keep her employees turnover to a minimum. The two criteria that I feel a manager must follow in order to successfully retain her smiling quality employees are employee incentives and training. This report was written in five weeks using the following data: two personal interviews, online information and books. Ive had personal experience in the restaurant business for eleven years. In that time I have worked in seven different restaurants. The managers that ran these establishments had very diverse managerial styles. Their managerial styles ranged from the employees running the place to the management acting like they were the restaurant police. According to Robert Plotkin, NO ONE CAN MAKE OR (sic) break a place like the manager (2000, online). None of the different supervision tactics that I have worked under seemed to help keep employee turnover down. The majority of the individually owned restaurants that I am familiar with are run and managed by the owners themselves. As a restaurant employee I feel that servers and bartenders need more of an incentive to be employer loyal than just making tips. Cash is not enough of a motivational factor for employees to not leave one institution to work for another. Restaurants that implement incentive programs tend to have employee turnover rates that are lower than the national average. When I state incentive programs Im talking about employee health benefits, and reward strategies. Restaurants such as Chevys and Chi-Chis continually develop benefit and incentive programs, that help make their turnover rates the envy of the industry (Weinstein, 1992, online). If a supervisor offered her employees health benefits her employee retention rate would increase dramatically. Among the perks at Chi-Chis restaurant is medical insurance for part-timers who work at least 20 hours a week. A lot of part-time employees stay with us because of the medical benefits, says Talarico, vice president of training and development for Chi-Chis, Louisville, Ky (Weinstein, 1992, online). I spoke with Marc Uelmen the manager of Mongolian BBQ in Ann Arbor, Michigan and he said, because Mongolian offers our employees medical and dental we are able to keep our employees from leaving and going to work at another restaurant (Uelmen, Interview). I believe that a manager should offer health benefits to all her employees that work on average at least 20 hours a week. Of the several different establishments I have worked at in restaurant career only one of them offered employee health benefits. Employee incentives like health insurance not only keeps employee turnover down but it would also make employees more productive. More productive employees provide better customer service so it would inevitably mean more money for the business. .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .postImageUrl , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:visited , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:active { border:0!important; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:active , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is advertising ethical Essay The real challenge we face today is not finding new people; its keeping the best ones we already have and making sure that .

Job Interviews

Definition of a Job Interview Job interviews are as old as employment itself. During the early years of the working man, an interview was as simple as coming up to Farmer Dan and asking him if he had a job open. He would respond â€Å"I need a cowhand. Can you do that?† A simple yes from the other person and a handshake were all it took to close the deal. But that was during simpler times.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Job Interviews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These days, job interviews are highly evolved and calculated selection processes that are geared towards finding the person who can do the required job the best from a pool of hopefuls who mostly have the same training and job experience. This is normally done by asking job applicants a preset group of questions and basing their capabilities on their oral responses. A more thorough definition of a job interview is presented by McDaniel, Whetzel, Schimidt, and Maurer (1994) in the article † The Validity Of Employment Interviews: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis† as published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. They state that: The interview is a selection procedure designed to predict future job performance on the basis of applicant’s oral responses to oral inquiries. Interviews are one of the most frequently used selection procedures, perhaps because of their intuitive appear for hiring authorities†¦ Managers and personnel officials, especially those who are interviewers, tend t o believe that the interview is valid for predicting future job performance. (McDaniel, Whetzel, Schimidt, and Maurer, p. 1) Job interviews are used to make hiring decisions through a verbal evaluation of the candidate after having narrowed down the list of potential applicants using their submitted resume’s. It also allows the candidate to get an overview of the job he is expected to do and the type of corporate atmosphere that he will be required to participate in. Interviews As Part of the Job Selection Process The Human Resources Department of any corporation or company has a very difficult task on hand. It is their job to make sure that there is a constant stream of reliable and efficient people manning the desks at the company.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without these reliable and efficient people, the company functions could come to a screeching halt. Which is why they must be highly selective of the people whom they interview for open positions. Most Human Resources representatives have a complete picture of the employee that they require for a specific position. So they use the oral interview as a tool for judging the personality of the applicant and to decide whether or not the applicant is right for the job. Aside from the specifics that they look f or in the applicants, they also look for some standard personality traits such as the following:   Presence – as we all know, first impressions count a lot. Most specially during job interviews. The interviewer looks for an applicant who exudes positivism, manners, and the ability to properly conduct himself in public†¦ The Ability To Communicate – interviewers generally want their applicant to keep on talking in order to get a better idea of what the client knows about the job he is applying for and what possible traits the applicant may have which will benefit the company but did not originally appear in the testing process for applicants†¦ Motivation – oral interviews also allow the interviewer to detect the motivation of the applicant for the job. Is he somebody who will do the job because he likes doing it, or is he just doing it because he needs the money. In any case, the motivation, once it appears in the interview can help the applicant get or lose the job†¦ Intelligence – during a job interview, questions are asked by the interviewer and answered by the interviewee. This part of the job interview helps in determining the creative and imaginative capabilities of the applicant in relation to work related scenarios. Although one may have graduated at the top of his class, grades are not normally considered by the Human Resources department to be considered as a reliable job success indicator†¦ Energy Levels and General Alertness – this basically sums up all of the traits that an interviewer is looking for in a job applicant and is easily determined using the first 4 interviewee traits. ( Nebraska Health and Human Services, Importance Of The Interview. p. 1) Job interviews usually last a few rounds and requires a hierarchical level of interviewees as the candidate gets closer and closer to being hired for the job. This is done in order to determine if the candidate is totally acceptable to all of the people in charge whom he shall be working with. Once all candidates have passed through the rigors of job interviews, the hiring panel will then sit down and select the best candidate from the job based upon his resume and interview results. Costs and Benefits Associated With Job Interviews As a job applicant, one is often left wondering as to why an oral interview is necessary after passing a written exam. The reason for this is actually quite simple, a written test can tell the human resources department all about your intelligence quotient. but very little about your on the job skills. An oral interview will give them a chance to observe the applicant in a potentially stressful atmosphere and how he handles the situation. This is why corporations spend time and money in properly assessing their job applicants. According to David Ngo’s article Advantages and Disadvantages of Job analysis Interview (2009), through the use of job interviews, job candidates are given the chance to present themselves in the most positive light as the best candidate for the job by adding information that they feel is important for the interviewer to know regarding their job experience and capabilities.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Job Interviews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, potential employees can let their potential employers know exactly how much they know about the job and the employer can let them know about how the specific position that needs to be filled works in the grander scheme of things in their corporation. Job interviews also help the interviewer get to know more about the abilities and activities that the applicant may have. This is a very important part of the interview as not all of the capabilities and shortcomings of potential employees will be reflected in written exams. If necessary, the applicant may be asked to explain certain answers he may hav e provided in the written form of the exam in an effort to further assess his qualifications as a potential employee. (Ngo, David, p.1) But just like any other form of analysis, a job interview also has some drawbacks. Some of which may prove detrimental to the work force and work scheme of the corporation. Ngo (2009) further explains that job interviews rely heavily on the interviewers ability to ask the right questions and continue probing in order to get the correct answers out of the applicants. Therefore, the results of the interview may prove to be false positive, allowing the company to hire someone totally unsuitable for the job simple because he knew how to give the right answers. Applicants who are not confident in their ability to land the job may tend to exaggerate their actual job roles and positions. This kind of job distortion could lead to the hiring of incompetent people, therefore, the human resources department must be sure to verify any and all information as pro vided to them by the applicant either through documentation or verbally. It is because of this hair’s breath thin dividing line between the costs and the benefits of job interviews that the human resources departments must insure that they constantly tread that fine line with the most positive results for their employers.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As I mentioned earlier, there have been some questions regarding the validity of the oral job interview as part or the job selection process. Which is why hiring panels for corporations have recently began adding an oral presentation to the interview process. This helps to verify the answers the applicant gave in his interview and assesses his actual capability to do the job before they actually hire him or her. This procedure is included as a part of one of the many rounds of oral interviews that an applicant must pass through before hiring. It easy to understand why a company would add an oral presentation to the oral job interview. These days, successful hired applicants need to be trained before actually putting them on the job. Choosing the wrong candidate due to an ill performed interview can cost the company severance pay, and loss of productivity. Not to mention the impact on the office morale, cost of hiring a new person for the job, etc. Types of Job Interviews There are a ctually quite a number of different types of job interviews which an applicant can find him or her self going through. The applicant will not know what kind of interview he will undergo before hand which is why it is often best if the applicant familiarizes him or her self with the various types of job interviews. After submitting your resume to a corporation, it will normally pass through a preliminary screening process. During this time, your resume is analyzed in reference to the qualifications of the position one is applying for. If the applicant is deemed to be qualified, a telephone interview sometimes follows. Carl Mueller (2010) of the website Find-Your-Dream-Career.com came up with a basic listing and description of the various job interviews that are used by hiring managers these days. An applicant can be interviewed in any one of the following ways: Telephone / Screening Interview The telephone interview is usually the first step in the job screening process. Although suc h a choice for interviewing does not seem to make sense to the applicants, there are actually 3 main reasons as to why this works for the screening panel. First of all, it allows the hiring manager to whittle down his list to a small group by simply giving short interviews over the phone. Normally, candidates who manage to present themselves professionally over the phone get called in for a face to face interview. Secondly, this method of interview is used when considering an applicant who lives out of town and it would be impossible to have them come in for a preliminary face to face interview. And lastly, a telephone interview can be used as a screening interview wherein one can quickly compare the answers of the candidates and only ask those with the correct technical and communication skills to come in for an interview. Panel / Group Interview Group Interviews openly pit the job applicants against each other in a panel interview like atmosphere. In this type of interview, the ap plicants are given the same question to answer. The questions are posed by members of the panel who are normally senior or junior managers at the company. Under this type of interview, the panel can immediately gauge whom among the candidates gave the best answers and possibly presented him or herself in the best possible light when put up in comparison to the other candidates. So that by the end of the panel interview, everyone already has a pretty good idea as to who will possibly get hired for the job. The panel members oftentimes ask the applicant to present himself to the panel in a specific way. For example, in a presentation format, the applicant may be asked to present a generic topic pertaining to the main line of business of the firm. So this can usually be expected of academic or sales related companies. There is also the role format wherein the panelists ask the applicant about position duty specific questions and how they might handle such situations. If the panel reall y wants to put the candidate to the ultimate test, they might use the Skeet Shoot format where in the panel fires of questions in rapid succession, just to see how the applicant handles himself in high stress situations that are normally attached to the position. The Stress Interview Some jobs are known to have high stress levels and therefore requires a special kind of employee to undertake the tasks of the position. It is because of these kinds of positions that the Stress interview was created. The main objective of this type of interview is to accurately predict how an applicant conducts himself in high stress situations. Applicants are not told beforehand that they will be undergoing a stress interview in order to get the most accurate response out of the person. These will be job related scenarios that you will be expected to deal with on a daily basis so don’t expect the interview to be conducted like a regular interview where sane minds prevail. Stress interviews coul d be conducted in various ways. One of the ways it can be done is by rapidly firing questions at the candidate in the hope of confusing the candidate by not giving him or her enough time to think of an answer. Sometimes, there is an interview panel whose sole task is to take turns grilling the applicant in such a manner that will have them thoroughly confusing the applicant in an effort have the applicant mix up their answers and make serious errors while on the job. A stress interview is like the boot camp of all interviews. It is designed to test the applicant’s mental and emotional endurance in a high stress job. Some interviewer’s opt to have an open door policy during the interview wherein people can take turns in coming into the interview room to rattle the applicant without giving the applicant time to rest between interviewers. This is not a normal test as it requires the applicant to answer questions which do not seem related to the job they are applying for. Questions like riddles and situational questions often arise. The main point of the interview is to see how well the candidate handles the situation by taking control and then resolving it in the soonest possible time. Stress interviews are specifically designed to get on the nerves of the applicant. The interviewers are expected to be mean, arrogant, sarcastic, and even argumentative. They will show a total lack of respect for the applicant and will employ any method necessary to unnerve the applicant. The successful stress test applicants are usually those who manage to stare down their interviewer and gain the upper hand in the situation. Internal Job Interview An internal job interview is conducted within the firm for job openings exclusively opened to those who are already working for the office. It is a type of building from within which has a specific set of hiring protocols because the people applying for the position are already familiar with the inner workings of the compa ny and therefore do not need to be grilled as heavily as an external applicant. Back in 2001, USA Today also came out with an additional listing of job interview types. Their listing includes the following: One on One Interview One on one interviews are usually the most relaxed type of interview that an applicant can undergo. In this scenario, the applicant has already undergone the other types of testing in order to fully assess his qualification for this position. The interviewer is usually a person of a high position in the company, possibly the person whom the applicant will answer to once he is hired for the position. This kind of interview only requires the applicant to assure the interviewer that the company will best benefit from hiring him for the job. Lunch Interview Lunch interviews are normally reserved for the more executive position openings in companies and corporations. These interviews are normally held outside of the office setting. Normally in a casual restaurant setting where business lunches often occurs. During this interview, an applicant is expected to find some commonalities with his interviewer and further discuss the benefits of hiring him or her for the job. In these instances, the applicant is expected to take his cue from the interviewer and follow suit always. Committee Interview The set up of a committee interview is highly similar to the group or panel interviews in the sense that the interview is conducted by a panel of executives who have the final say in the hiring process. This time, the applicant faces them alone and he has the opportunity to answer each question in a personalized manner by answering the person who questioned him directly. The interviewers may be expected to test the applicants problem solving skills by expecting him to solve real life or office based scenarios. Specialized Interview Types There are also two other types of interviews that have not been included in the regular lists because of their special ized formats. Certain industries, such as the information technology sector and the management consulting and investment banking fields have a totally different requirement for their employees As such, they require a different kind of job interview process. These industry specific job interviews, according to Wikipedia (2011) are known as the Case Interviews and the Microsoft Technical Interviews. Case Interviews Case interviews are often used to screen management consulting and investment banking jobs. Candidates are given specific work scenarios which need a speedy and foolproof solution. These problems are usually work related and are specific to the job requirement. Management consulting and investment banking industries benefit from this particular type of interview because it offers the hiring officer a chance to see how the logical and sequential procedures of the applicant’s brain functions. It also gives the applicant a deeper insight into what the work expectations of the company will be of him and vice versa. The objective of a case interview is not to find the candidate with the perfect candidate with all the solutions, but rather, to find the applicant that has the ability to properly approach work problems without endangering the bottom-line of the corporation or company. Some of the abilities tested by this interview are the reasoning, presentation, communication, business, and commercial awareness skills of the candidate. Microsoft Technical Interview Microsoft Corporation, the leading information technology company in the world realized early on that they were involved in a line of business that required a special breed of employees. Which is why they developed a specific type of interview for their potential employee candidates. This job interview was a pioneer in its field and was eventually picked up as a standard platform by other corporations like Google. The Microsoft Technical Interview is all about technical know how. It tests t he problem solving and creative abilities of the candidate. It does not test for goals and weaknesses, which is what the standard job interviews test the candidates for. Joel Spolsky (2011) explained that the Microsoft Technical Interview actually tested applicants in order to determine: †¦ people who are smart and get things done while separating them from people who are smart but don’t get things done and people who get things done but are not smart. (Microsoft Technical Interview, Wikipedia. 2011) Conclusion The main purpose of a job interview is to help the company or corporation predict whom among all the candidates for the open position will be best suited for the job. The interview should be able to tell the powers that be who should be able to help the company further progress in terms of business growth by performing his job well. However, even with the unstructured approach of oral job interviews, there is no evidence that these interviews actually save the cor porations money and helps to lower their cost of operations. A job interview cannot predict the honest and integrity of an applicant. A job interview is such a competitive process that it has the potential to promote dishonest among the candidates. Which is why there is a question as to the validity of the results of a job interview process. There have been many discussions as to the validity or an oral job interview in determining the most qualified candidate for a job. because of it’s potential to help a candidate fabricate lies about his actual job abilities and qualifications. However, it is still considered to be the most cost effective hiring tool of corporations today. Works Cited McDaniel, Michael A., Whetzel, Deborah L., Schimdt, Frank L., Maurer, Steven D. â€Å"The Validity Of Employment Interviews: A Comprehensive And Meta-Analysis†. Journal of Applied Psychology. 79.4 (1994). 1-18. Web. Mueller, Carl. â€Å"The Job Interview: Types of Job Interviews†. Find-Your-Dream- Career.com. 2010. Web. Ngo, David. â€Å"Advantages And Disadvantages Of Job Analysis Interview†. HumanResources.hrvinet.com. 2009. 2009. 27 April 2011. Web. â€Å"Job Interview†. Wikipedia. 6 April 2011. Web.. â€Å"Types of Job Interviews†. Career and Workplace. USA Today. 29 January 2001. Web. â€Å"The Importance Of The interview†. Nebraska Department Of Health And Human Services. 2011. Web. This term paper on Job Interviews was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Indian Removal DBQ Google Docs free essay sample

Andrew Jackson wanted to protect the Indians from harm by relocating them n an area farther away from the United States. In Alexis De Discotheques Democracy in America, he states that the United States were, sincerely desirous of saving the remnant of the natives, and of maintaining them in the free possession of that territory which the Union has guaranteed to them. eke Jackson most of the states wanted to save the last of the natives. On the other hand, there were some that thought that they were barbaric and a threat to the states.So, the government had to side with the opposing states to exterminate some of the barbaric tribes [Document A]. Jackson wanted to rote the Cherokees from being exterminated so he started trying to convince them to relocate farther away. Lewis Sacs agreed with Jackson and Alexis saying that the Cherokees were, A barbarous people, depending for subsistence upon the scanty and precarious supplies furnished by the chase, cannot live in contact with a civilized community. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Removal DBQ Google Docs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He believed that the Cherokees were barbaric and primitive people and they did not deserve to live in contact and get support from the Union [Document E]. Jackson did not exactly Moss 2 agree with this. He wanted the Indians removed, but that was because he anted to save them not discard them. The map in [Document F] shows where the lands of the Indians was before they were removed, where they were relocated to, and the routes the took to get from their lands to the reservations, including the Trail of Tears. Jacksons decision also had great opposition from some groups.Some Christian missionaries were against Jacksons efforts to remove the Indians. They thought that, the Cherokees are in a course Of improvement, which promises, if uninterrupted, to place them at no distant period, nearly on a level with their white brethren. They thought that the Cherokees were improving just as we were and would soon be like us, opposite of what Lewis thought [Document E]. In addition, since they would be prosperous without removal and are not a real threat, they should be left where they are [Document C]. Jackson believed that they would prosper just as well farther away and would be safe from disease and starvation. The Cherokees were also against being moved. In their memorial of the Cherokee nation, they say, We wish to remain in the land of our fathers. They did not want to have to leave the land that they have lived in for so long and they believed, in accordance with their treaties with the union, they had the right to remain in their lands [Document D].Jackson believed that although it was illegal, the Cherokees should be relocated because it is in their best interests even though they do not know. In Worcester v Georgia in 1832, it was settled that the Cherokees, the weaker state, should not have to surrender itself to a more powerful nation in order to gain protection, but they could live under the protection of the more powerful state while retaining their right of government and territory in the set boundaries [Document B].Jackson understood that they deserved to keep thei r government, but he thought that the well being of the Indians was more important than keeping to the rights and treaties of the Indians. Moss 3 It was not until 1 838, after Jackson had left office, that the U. S. Army forced 1 5,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia. The hardships on the Trail of Tears were so great that over 4,000 Cherokees died on their westward journey to the reservations. In conclusion, Jackson had other viable decisions he could have made, but he made his choice because he thought it was best for the Indians safety and welfare.

List of Types of Disaccharides

List of Types of Disaccharides Disaccharides are sugars or carbohydrates made by linking two monosaccharides. This occurs via a dehydration reaction and a molecule of water  is removed for each linkage. A glycosidic bond can form between any hydroxyl group on the monosaccharide, so even if the two subunits are the same sugar, there are many different combinations of bonds and stereochemistry, producing disaccharides with unique properties. Depending on the component sugars, disaccharides may be sweet, sticky, water-soluble, or crystalline. Both natural and artificial disaccharides are known. Here is a list of some disaccharides, including the monosaccharides they are made from and foods containing them. Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are the most familiar disaccharides, but there are others. Sucrose (saccharose) glucose fructoseSucrose is table sugar. It is purified from sugar cane or sugar beets. Maltose glucose glucoseMaltose is a sugar found in some cereals and candies. It is a product of starch digestions and may be purified from barley and other grains. Lactose galactose glucoseLactose is a disaccharide found in milk. It has the formula  C12H22O11 and is an isomer of sucrose. Lactulose galactose fructoseLactulose is a synthetic (man-made) sugar that is not absorbed by the body  but is broken down in the colon into products that absorb water into the colon, thus softening stools. Its primary use is to treat constipation. It is also used to reduce blood ammonia levels in persons with liver disease  since lactulose absorbs ammonia into the colon (removing it from the body). Trehalose glucose glucoseTrehalose is also known as tremalose or mycose. It is a natural alpha-linked disaccharide with extremely high water retention properties. In nature, it helps plants and animals reduce long periods without water. Cellobiose glucose glucoseCellobiose is a hydrolysis product of cellulose or cellulose-rich materials, such as paper or cotton. It is formed by linking two beta-glucose molecules by a ÃŽ ²(1→4) bond. Table of Common Disaccharides Heres a quick summary of the subunits of common disaccharides and how they are linked to each other. Dissacharide First Unit Second Unit Bond sucrose glucose fructose ÃŽ ±(1→2)ÃŽ ² lactulose galactose fructose ÃŽ ²(1→4) lactose galactose glucose ÃŽ ²(1→4) maltose glucose glucose ÃŽ ±(1→4) trehalose glucose glucose ÃŽ ±(1→1)ÃŽ ± cellobiose glucose glucose ÃŽ ²(1→4) chitobiose glucosamine glucosamine ÃŽ ²(1→4) There are many other disaccharides, although they are not as common, including isomaltose (2 glucose monomers), turanose (a glucose and a fructose monomer), melibiose (a galactose and a glucose monomer), xylobiose (two xylopyranose monomers), sophorose (2 glucose monomers), and mannobiose (2 mannose monomers). Bonds and Properties Note multiple disaccharides are possible when monosaccharides bond to each other, since a glycosidic bond can form between any hydroxyl group on the component sugars. For example, two glucose molecules can join to form maltose, trehalose, or cellobiose. Even though these disaccharides are made from the same component sugars, they are distinct molecules with different chemical and physical properties from each other. Uses of Disaccharides Disaccharides are used as energy carriers and to efficiently transport monosaccharides. Specific examples of uses include: In the human body and in other animals, sucrose is digested and broken into its component simple sugars for quick energy. Excess sucrose can be converted from a carbohydrate into a lipid for storage as fat. Sucrose has a sweet flavor.Lactose (milk sugar) is found in human breast milk, where it serves as a chemical energy source for infants. Lactose, like sucrose, has a sweet flavor. As humans age, lactose becomes less-tolerated. This is because lactose digestion requires the enyzme lactase. People who are lactose intolerant can take a lactase supplement to reduce bloating, cramping, nausea, and diarrhea.Plants use disaccharides to transport fructose, glucose, and galactose from one cell to another.Maltose, unlike some other disaccharides, does not serve a specific purpose in the human body. The sugar alcohol form of maltose is maltitol, which is used in sugar-free foods. Of course, maltose is a sugar, but it is incompletely digested and absorbed by the body (50 to 60 percent). Key Points A disaccharide is a sugar (a type of carbohydrate) made by linking together two monosaccharides.A dehydration reaction forms a disaccharide. One molecule of water is removed for each linkage formed between the monosaccharide subunits.Both natural and artificial disaccharides are known.Examples of common disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, and lactose. References IUPAC, Disaccharides. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (1997).Whitney, Ellie; Sharon Rady Rolfes (2011). Peggy Williams, ed.  Understanding Nutrition  (Twelfth ed.). California: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p.  100.

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Assignment Example One should consider the following primary risk of buying stock on margin; enlarged losses due to amplified leverage. This happens when one experience a loss. He is accountable for repaying the money rented plus the interest on top of the loss when there is increased leverage. The second risk is maintenance call. It requires maintaining of a smallest amount equality level in the form of cash. When sustenance condition fails, a preservation call will be issued that requires one to sell securities, put down cash, among others, until the account meet the minimum equity requirement (Zweig, 2012). The necessities for the early acquiring of securities using rented assets are characteristically higher than the maintenance necessities. Apart from fed calls, one should also consider forced bankruptcy and finally the margin interest which one is required for repaying the interest on his/her margin loan regardless of any changes in interest that occurred during the time you loan was outstanding. They include; liquidity ratios. This type of ration is used to measure the ability of cash to pay debt. Activity ratios, measures the firm’s ability to repay long–term debt. Productivity ratios measures the firm’s usage of its benefit and control of its expenses to make a satisfactory rate of return and finally market ratios, which measures inventors’ reply to possessing a firm’s stock and also the price of issuing stock. These are also concerned with the return on investment for shareholders and with relationship between return and the worth of an investment in the company’s shares (Zweig, 2012). The difference is that the company using debts as leverage will prosper faster than an individual using margin in that, the company will enjoy the appreciation of the assets over time than an individual who borrows money to cover the risks. The other difference is that debts as leverage is used in mainly investment, but the margin is mainly applied to cover

Managing Behaviour in the Classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Behaviour in the Classroom - Essay Example Few of them are private or public schools that are attended by minority of the children. Other than this, there are schools that are operated by charities and the children’s fee is paid by local authorities. (Cameron, 1998) Due to the range of types of pupil that are enrolled in schools all over the state it becomes difficult to adopt a specific strategy for all of them. Therefore, the class behaviour has become a challenge for the administration. The challenging behaviour of the students in the class is considered the most stressful part of the teaching. It is the one and only aspect of school life that most likely becomes a challenge for most of the teachers. The fact to be considered is that great teaching is all about the relationship that is built between a teacher and a student. This means there is no magical formula that can transform the poor behaviour of the class into a class that holds a proper decorum and sophistication. However, if the management improves this problem then there would be widespread benefits not only on small scale, for schools and colleges, but also on the massive level i.e. the society. The problematic behaviour in the classroom affects a very wide variety of people. It also varies in a wide range from threatening the security and attainments of the other students to the source of stress for staff as well. Some of the behavioural problems can be unhealthy for the learning experience for a particular person of the group. Also, there are few misbehaviour types that the professionals have to go through while teaching post graduate students. For instance, attention-seeking behaviour is the type in which students usually interrupt others while speaking. Another misconduct type is the inappropriate conversations that include topics like alcohol, drugs, and sex etc. The next type is defiance in which students tend to challenge the authority by not refusing or not complying with their commands. Other than this, inappropriate

Psychologicl Fctors nd Sport Performnce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Psychologicl Fctors nd Sport Performnce - Essay Example This paper includes discussion of two articles on the effect of psychological factors on the performance of sportsmen. Additionally, it includes author's recommendations as to how to deal with these paychological factors. Psychologicl fctors ssocited with sport performnce can influence the sportsmen in a positive and negative way. Some positive factors that significantly enhance the performance of athlets are for examplesegmenting, task-relevant thought content, positive self-talk, and mood words (Rushall, Some Psychological Factors for Promoting Exceptional Athletic Performance). The most common negative factor that influences sports performance is anxiety. Anxiety is a body's automatic response that prepares it to 'fight' or 'flee' from perceived harm or attack that ensures survival of the human species. Sporting competition is an event that creates the feeling of anxiety. Basically, when the demands of training or competition exceed one's perceived ability, anxiety is the inevitable outcome. I will review all of those factors and propose my resonce as a coach to the psychological factors that influence the sport peroformance. norml fcet of dily life, stress is defined s n synchrony between chnge within n individul nd chnge within the environment. This synchrony is concretely pprent in sport s performnce is the externl reflection of blnce between the individul nd the environment. Excessive stress my be detrimentl to performnce culminting in greter psychologicl strin on the thlete. In overtrining reserch, stress is primrily viewed s summtion of severl fctors including life stress, mount of socil support, decrese of coping skills, locus of control, nd emotionl expression. The stress-injury link to negtive life stress hs been investigted nd helps provide coches with new direction to explin why some thletes, my be more vulnerble to injury t different times of the seson (Smith, Smoll, & Ptcek, 1990). Negtive life stress hs ccounted for s much s 30% of the observed injury vrince when ssessing injury vulnerbility (Smith, Smoll, & Ptcek, 1990). The subsequent stress following n injury or performnce decline does not fcilitte regenertion, further contributing to the overtrining syndrome. Excessive life stress is ssocited with n incresed vulnerbility to injury for two possible resons. First, ttentionl disruption my occur cusing less vigilnce to environmentl cues. Secondly, incresed muscle tension my effect fluidity of movement resulting in predisposition to injury (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Socil support nd coping skills my lso effect how thletic stress is reconciled nd hs been investigted through the stress-injury model (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Lck of pproprite socil support nd coping skills hs led to stleness nd eventul burnout (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Exmples include the underdeveloped coping skills of some children who prticipte in sports, nd the potentil for liention to occur t elite levels of competition due to trvel nd prctice time wy from friends. Severity of injury hs not been determined using indices of socil support/coping skill lthough sttisticlly significnt correltion ws drwn when subjects who were low in both socil support nd coping skills were ssessed for injuries. Results suggested tht s high s 47 to 55 percent of

Leininger’s Culture Care Theory of Nursing

Leininger’s Culture Care Theory of Nursing Around the world Madeline Leininger is considered the founder of the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and also for the discovery of the research method known as enthonursing or transcultural nursing. She was the first nurse to theorize about human care from a worldview rather than the usual medical view. She is a creative, innovative, and visionary editor and author of 22 books, 265 articles, and 40 chapters focused on transcultural nursing and human care phenomena (Cohen). Leininger is a United States-born anthropologist in which she incorporated her knowledge and expertise in anthropology to her practice in nursing to create an idea that would greatly influence the way in which nurses cared for their clients as well as develop a sense of self-awareness. In 1948, Leininger first received a diploma from St. Anthonys Hospital School of Nursing in Denver, Colorado which qualified her as a registered nurse. She quickly moved on to receive a bachelors degree in biological science and soon thereafter earned masters degree in psychiatric nursing. Finally, she was the first nurse in history to study at a doctorate level and receive a PhD in cultural and social anthropology. She applied her roots in anthropology to provide nursing with a way to study caring while taking into account peoples culture, beliefs, patterns, and values to provide culturally sensitive and congruent care to every patient (McCance, McKenna, Boore). By the 1950s, Leininger began to formulate writings on nursing practice with a primary focus on caring and transcultural awareness (Cohen). In the late 1980s, Leiningers writings on her theory of transcultural nursing and cultural care were published in her Journal of Transcultural Nursing in which Leininger defined caring as the essence and central domain of nursing practice(Cohen). The intention of this publication was to share scholarly work among nurses and others with an interest to incorporate transcultural nursing knowledge into their scope of practice. Her published theory states that caring is the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing (Leininger). Globally, she is considered one of nursings most prolific writers. Leiningers theory of transcultural care is significant and unique in the fact that it is the sole theory that focuses on cooperative care that takes into consideration all cultures around the world (Cohen). It is predicted by the U.S. Census Bureau, that by 2042, no single racial-ethnic group will hold a majority population position, and more than half of Americans will be members of a minority group (Varcarolis 2010). In a time when the world is growing smaller and our society is encompassing and adopting more and more diverse cultures, it is imperative that nurses are competent in the ability to give culturally congruent care to patients in all healthcare settings. According to an article on global leadership in transcultural practice, education, and research by Margaret Andrews, Leininger has identified three key historical phases in the process of her development of the transcultural theory of nursing, according to one of her articles called The Evolution of Transcultural nursing with Breakthroughs to Discipline Status (2007). These phases serve to outline the development of transcultural nursing. During the first phase (1955-1975): Establishing the Field of Transcultural Nursing, Leininger acknowledged the relationships between nursing and anthropology, but kept a focus on nursing and the benefits of having a theory (Andrews). During the second phase (1975-1983): Program and Research Expansion for Transcultural Nursing, increasing amounts of nurses became interested in the valuable contribution of transcultural nursing around the world. And lastly the third phase (1983-present): Establishing Transcultural Nursing Worldwide, is the period dur ing which transcultural nursings global agenda is the primary focus. It all began when Leininger was working as a psychiatric clinical nurse specialist in a child guidance home in the 1950s when she experienced the unfamiliar feeling of culture shock. While at the guidance home she worked with children of various cultural backgrounds. She began to notice a lack of understanding amongst herself and the staff about how the childrens cultural backgrounds where influencing their behavior. From this, she came to the conclusion that caring is the central unit to nursing and being culturally competent is vital in order to deliver care to patients. She then began to develop strategies that would help the staff to incorporate congruent care to children with diverse cultures, patterns, and ways of life by developing a worldview and incorporating it into their technique. In the early 1960s, as a part of her doctoral studies in cultural anthropology at the University of Washington, Leininger decided to reside with the people of New Guinea, in which no one had any familiarity, in order to further study this new idea of culturally based interventions (Cohen). She established herself in Gadsup, New Guinea for two years in which she opened her eyes to the values, world views, and beliefs about the health and illness of the villages and how they were crucial in delivering appropriate healthcare. When Leininger arrived in Gadsup she was baffled at how completely different their world was from the one she left behind and she knew that the unfamiliarity would pose a tremendous challenge to her studies. However, Leiningers eagerness to study the meaning of healthcare to these people and how it influenced their wellbeing lead her to adapt and provide specific care that would be beneficial to people and families who were ill. Leininger believed that culture was universal framework to how people solve their problems. The experiences she encountered during her visit in Gadsup sprung the idea that beliefs about health and healthcare are imbedded in the values of the person or persons receiving the care and the understanding of these values and beliefs are critical for interventions to be successful in allowing the patient to heal and be cured. Transcultural nursing with a focus on caring must become the dominant focus of all areas of nursing. It is holistic and the most complete and creative way to help people (Leininger, 1981:5). A key factor that she derived from her experience was her newly discovered research method that she referred to as ethnonursing. The central idea of the enthnonurisng research method was to establish a naturalistic and largely emic method to study phenomena especially related to her culture care diversity and universality theory (Leininger McFarland). The terms Emic and Etic are used widely by anthropologists to re fer to the way in which observations are viewed. The term etic refers to the behavior or belief of the observer of the culture. The term emic refers to the view from the person within the culture and this view is has largest influence on Leiningers studies considering that her work was centered on the patients views in order to meet and understand concepts that were indigenous to them. Leininger applied ethnonursing for the study and analysis of the local or indigenous peoples viewpoints, beliefs, and practices about nursing care phenomena and the processes of designated cultures. She formulated this concept to take into account that nurses do not usually have the time to study the entity of peoples lifeways and interests, but that care is more geared toward the health patterns and phenomena. In an article written by McCance, McKenna, and Boore, a practical application of Leiningers theory was conducted by Barry Kronk in 1993. The purposed of this study was to gain knowledge of the culture of a group of Guatemalan refugees who fled to the United States due to political unrest, extreme poverty, and persecution. The refugees major barrier to congruent care was the language barrier that disabled the caregivers to provide culturally congruent care due to being unable to communicate the refugees cultural preferences. The knowledge that needed to be acquired of their culture included concept of health, health care beliefs, caring behaviors, and barriers to health care. In order to acquire these concepts the health care providers used methods of data collection such as observing, interviewing, life history, photography, and participating with the people in their own environment. When using these methods, Barry Kronk, were able to gather findings of the refugees such a kinship and social factors, educational factors, religious and political factors, traditional factors, belief factors, economic factors, and previous health care factors. When applying Leiningers transcultural care theory and diagnostic tools, Barry Kronk were able to provide a number of recommendations for the refugees in order to provide care. This study also conveys another concept that is unique to Leiningers theory in which the focus of caring may transcend the individual and focus on families, society, or communities as a client (Cohen 1992). Sometimes, culturally competent care cannot be focused on the person as central to nursing because in many cultures, such as those of Eastern or Indigenous cultures, the term person or self does not linguistically exist (Cohen 1992). In these cultures it is not uncommon to see that the concept of a clients health illness is due to a lack balance or harmony within their community or tribe. Madeleine Leiningers culture care theory suggested three modes in which to facilitate nursing actions, judgments, and interventions to meet the heathcare needs of their patients in a culturally sensitive and congruent manner. The three modes of care were: preservation/maintenance, accommodation/negotiation, and repatterning/restructuring. Cultural preservation or maintenance refers to nursing care interventions that help clients of particular cultures to retain and preserve cultural care values when providing healthcare. Cultural care accommodation or negotiation refers to creative and innovative nursing actions that help people of different cultures adapt or negotiate with others in order to attain a goal of optimal health outcomes suitable to the clients culture whether it be an individual, a family, or a community. Cultural care repatterning or restructuring refers to the therapeutic actions taken by the culturally competent nurse that enable the client to modify personal health b ehavior to achieve beneficial outcomes while respecting the cultural values of the client . These assumptions are the philosophical basis in which Leininger has used to add meaning, depth, and clarity to the overall focus of culturally competent care. Visual aid to her theory: sunrise It is amazing what some women and men dare to do with their ideas in many places in the world. Creative thinking and actions are what the world needs most. Transcultural nursing has been an example of these attributes. While taking new actions may be troublesome to some people, yet new actions and new ideas can lead to a wealth of new knowledge and new ways to serve people. Transcultural nurses have taken such actions and are transforming nursing and health care in many places in the world (Leininger).

Tutorial of Enterpreneur

Tutorial 8 (topic 7) Preparing A Proper Ethical And Legal Foundation Q1. In general, do entrepreneurs tend to overestimate or underestimate their knowledge of the laws that pertain to starting a new firm? What does answer to this question suggest that entrepreneurs do before they start a firm? In general, entrepreneurs tend to overestimate their knowledge of the laws that pertain to starting a new firm. Before entrepreneurs start a firm, they should seek for lawyer to get some legal advice, get sources and information about the business, refer to book, or search the information thru the internet about the legal issue that they face.Q2. Describe what is meant by the terms code of conduct and ethics training programs. What is their purpose? The term code of conduct is a formal statement of an organization’s values on certain ethical and social issues. Which means it is a set of formal statement for a firm or company to concern and emphasis on the values on ethical and social iss ues. For example, value that an organization expect employee to carry out some task, the method on how employee serve customer, social responsibility for an organization, privacy, and others.Then, ethics training programs is teaching business ethnics to help employee deal with ethical dilemmas and improve their overall ethnical conduct. It means, ethics training program is a set of system or some courses that use to lead employee deal with ethical dilemmas, which is a situation that employee involve some activities that is beneficial to oneself or the organization, but may be unethical. For example, an employee using company’s computer to carry out new program, thus this may raise an issue whether the new program is the property for an organization or the particular employee.Also, improve overall ethical conduct can be done by implementing an ethics training program because it can help employee to deal or response to ethical dilemma. The purpose for code of conduct and ethics training programs is to promote a healthy climate of business ethics and avoid lawsuit in a firm. Also, the purpose is to establish a strong ethical culture and avoid litigation. Q3. Describe what a founders’ agreement is and why it’s important for a team of entrepreneurs to have one in place when launching a venture. A founder agreement is a written that deals with issues such as the relative split of he equity among the founders of the firm, how individual founders will be compensated for the cash or the â€Å"sweat equity† they put into the firm, and how long the founders will have to remain with the firm for their shares to fully vest. It means founder agreement is a formal document that mention about the profit sharing between the founders by following the amount of initial investment between the founders. Items that include in a founders’ agreement are nature of the prospective business, a brief business plan, legal form of business ownership, buyb ack clause, description of the initial operating capital and others.It is important for a team of entrepreneurs to have one in place when launching a venture because it can avoid the conflict such the problem between the founders regarding the profit sharing and distribution of stock at the end of the business, avoid litigation, and to know the expectation of their own role in the organization. Therefore, founders’ agreement is important to act as a set of rules or guideline while founders are conducting their business and it can reduce most of the issues that can harm the performance of a business. Q4. Describe the purpose of a non-disclosure agreement and the purpose of a non-compete agreement.Non-disclosure agreement is a legal document or contract sign between two parties, which is restrict the access or by third party. The purpose of a non-disclosure agreement is a promise made by an employee or supplier who does not disclose the trade secret between the firm to the thir d party or outsider. Also, a non-disclosure agreement is a contract through which the parties agree not to disclose information covered by the agreement. On the other hand, non-compete agreement is a contract between one party such as employee agrees not to pursue a similar profession or trade in competition against another party such as employer.The purpose of a non-compete agreement is to avoid the possibility that upon the termination or resignation for an employee might begin working for a competitor firm or starting a new business which is related or similar with the employer’s business in a specific geographical area and time frame. Q5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of organizing a new firm as a sole proprietorship? Is sole proprietorship an appropriate form of ownership for an aggressive entrepreneurial firm? Why or why not? The advantages of organizing as a sole proprietorship are being the simplest form of business tructure. Then, creating a sole propriet orship form is easy and inexpensive so a starting cost can be reduced, and then an owner maintains complete control of the business without any intervention in decision making, and profit is own retain by the owner, business losses can be deducted against the sole proprietor’s other sources of income, and the business is not subject to double taxation because the income earned by a sole proprietorship passes directly to the personal income tax return of the owner, and then business is easy to dissolve due to without any partners and complex agreement.Whereas, the disadvantages of a sole proprietorship are liability on the owner’s part is unlimited so if a business is facing deficit, owner is responsible for all the losses. Then, the business relies on the skills and abilities of a single owner in order to manage the business wisely. Furthermore, raising capital can be difficult because of only owner is running the business without any help from partners. Moreover, the business ends at the owner’s death or loss of interest in the business, the liquidity of the owner’s investment is low due to low capital and cash flow can be used in generating more profit.A sole proprietorship is not an appropriate form of ownership for an aggressive entrepreneurial firm. An aggressive firm will probably need to raise capital early in its life because it is important for an aggressive firm to have a huge amount of capital in competing the earlier stage in the market, thus it is not possible under the sole proprietorship form of ownership. Also, in an aggressive entrepreneurial firm will be taking more risk in the investment, hence a limited liability form of company is more suitable in an aggressive entrepreneurial firm, which owner can limit their personal losses.

My Last Duches by Robert Browning

Among the many poems that are found in Booth, Hunter and Mayes’ The Norton Introduction to Literature, it is without controversy that Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s How I Love Thee makes one of the most interesting reads to many. It is against this backdrop that the poem has been chosen for analysis and reflection. Personal Reaction to the Poem The poem How Do I Love Thee by is by far one of the richest poems in terms of both the internal qualities of the poem such as the theme and external qualities such as stylistic devices are considered.For instance, as far as extrinsic or aesthetic richness of the poem is concerned, the use of rhymes is heavily extant, not only for the aesthetic purposes, but to also help bolster the theme. Some of the rhymes found in words such as Height and Sight, Grace and Days, Candlelight and Right, Praise and Faith, Use, Lose and Choose, Depth and Breadth, Needy and Purely, Death and Breath (Booth, 125). That the rhymes are used to expound on t he simile that the author uses to divulge on the manner of her feelings to her love still underscores the theme and extent of love in the poem.Some of the subordinate clauses that are colored by these similes are: as men strive for right; and as they turn from praise. [Personal] Explication of the Poem The gravity of the poem in this case, is not hinged upon the heaviness of the theme or topic in itself, but the manner in which artistic and linguistic devices are harnessed to bring out the beauty and weightiness of the topic or theme being discussed. Particularly, it is through the use of language aesthetically that Browning expresses what love is.For instance, readers get the impression that love should remain constant, at the mentioning of a love that remains extant throughout the author’s life [breath] in the 12th stanza. That love should be based on free will in lieu of compulsion is also underscored in the 7th stanza as the author mentions her love as being premised on f ree will as men strive for that which is right. Among a host of other virtues, love is expressed as being backed up by [responsible] actions by the referring of â€Å"Love with a passion being to use† in the 9th stanza (Browning, 75).[Personal] Feelings Evoked By the Poem The feelings evoke feelings of genuine love: that love that commits itself to and through responsible action, as opposed to fickle feelings [stanza 9]. This love is expressed as being free [stanza 7], pure [stanza 8], and constant through the vagaries of life and present at the point of death [stanzas 11-14]. What the Poem Says About Life and the Human Condition It is against the backdrop of the above feelings and standpoints adduced by the poem that matters regarding life and human condition come to the fore.Particularly, it is this love that is needed in marriage with the high spates of divorce the world over attesting about its absence. The importance of this love transcends the marriage spectrum to perme ate all facets of life and human existence. It is this kind of love that, upon existing, would see man given to philanthropy to better fellow man’s welfare instead of building nuclear arsenals and indulging in the snares of avarice, folly and prejudice. Works Cited Booth, Alison. The Norton Introduction to Literature. WW Norton & Co. Inc. , 2004. Browning, B. Elizabeth. The Wondering Minstrels: How Do I Love Thee? New York: SAGE, 2005.

Beauty and Women essays

Beauty and Women essays Since the beginning of man and through the rise and fall of many different civilizations there have been differences of opinion on what makes someone beautiful, or more importantly what characteristics of women are attractive to men. The answer to this question is perhaps the billion-dollar question. I say this because the answer to this question is sought by women every day through billions and billions of dollars of plastic surgery, beauty products, and stylish clothing. Put simply, the main question that I am discussing is, are there some things that all women have in common that makes them attractive to men? This question arises from the fact that although I, as a man, do have preferences in personality and appearance in looking for a mate. I can still find things about all women that are attractive to me, Whether it is an aspect of their personality or something physical, like nice eyes. It is this habit of most of the men I know to look for the good in girls that make me wonder what exactly makes women in general beautiful? Before any of this can be seriously thought of though, we must first consider the concept of beauty in relation to women. The question here is of course, is our concept of beauty innate or is it defined by our own individual tastes shaped by life experiences? Thinking along these lines, we must go all the way back through history to ancient Greece and Plato, who wrote in The Symposium: And the true order of going, or being led by another, to the things of love, is to begin from the beauties of earth and mount upwards for the sake of that other beauty, using these as steps only, and from one going on to two, and from two to all fair forms, and from fair forms to fair practices, and from fair practices to fair notions, until from fair notions he arrives at the notion of absolute beauty, and at last knows what the essence of beauty is (Solomon, 652). So basically to Plato there was one great...

Essay on MNCs and Ethics

Essay on MNCs and Ethics Essay on MNCs and Ethics Third Party Contractors and MNCs Multinational companies have to uphold an image and it’s not as easy to get away with the same practices as there has been light shined on these issues. Even if using third party contractors helps them in legal cases of human rights in court, it still looks bad on a company when they use these contractors. Looking at Foxconn, Apple has been under a lot of scrutiny for using them. The conditions in their facilities are known to be overcrowded, unsafe and they have also been caught using under age workers. These MNCs have a social responsibility and just because they can win a court case, it doesn’t mean they will win the trust of their consumers and help them in their main goal to maximize profits. U.S. multinational corporations have sent millions of jobs overseas since the early 2000’s. The corporations have a lot of interest in protecting their investments in foreign labor and third party contractors provide that labor. The iss ue is the difference in labor laws. The U.S. is extremely different from how a country like China’s labor laws work, therefore we have a lot more concerns with how these companies treat their employees. Protected lawfully or not, it’s not ethical. Moral Conduct Statements a Part of Advertising? Social responsibility has become a large part of multinational companies advertising. In my opinion, companies use their social actions and ethical conduct as a way to boost buying confidence with their consumers. After the oil spill in the gulf, BP launched a social responsibility initiative to boost their brand reputation. Since the beginning of the oil spill in April of 2010 and the end of August, BP spent three times the amount on advertising than it did from April to July in 2009. This shows that BP felt it was important to spend over 93 million dollars on advertising to promote their brand image in the wake of a crisis. Although this isn’t an attempt to describe the treatment of their workers, it shows the importance of advertising a company’s brand image. I find that any company that uses social conduct statements to be advertising as they are trying to protect their profits. In my experience, I base my purchasing decisions on how much I want the item and if there is a company that provides a substitute that supports better moral and social conduct, I will buy it instead. I do buy Apple products knowing that the conditions at Foxconn are less than satisfactory as most of my friends and acquaintances do the same. I feel like some companies know consumers will buy their product because of how desirable it is, regardless of their social responsibility. This may show that some of the social responsibility is on us as consumers. It is only fair that we be made aware of where our products are manufactured and by whom they are made by. I personally

Information Technology (IT) in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Information Technology (IT) in Marketing - Essay Example Technology plays an important role in the business environment because it accelerates the pace of communication, transportation, and manufacturing and also assists in formulating major marketing strategies. IT and communication has been identified as the macro factors in the new business trends. The way computers receive and store data is a matter of astonishment in the field of communication. Path breaking applications brought in by companies such as BlackBerry, Apple, etc is taking international marketing to a new level (University of Leicester, 2010, p. 64-65). This study aims at evaluating the affect of technological advancement in the international marketing. The intention is also to discuss the effect of information technology (IT) on creating business opportunities globally and maintaining healthy relationship with the customers around the world. Keeping in mind the aim of the study, the investigation would initiate with an overview on the significance of IT in marketing, whic h would further discuss the aspects of IT advancement and its effect on global business environment. ... 398). Advancement in technology has provided the companies with the capability to collect enormous quantity of information related to the recent and potential market. In order to recognize the marketplace and respond accordingly to the demands, companies nowadays acquire technological linkages which will internally link the operations of the company. A study done in the year 1995 by Ernst & Young revealed that about the 327 firms that were surveyed, about 72 percent of them were already using IT based framework to manage their finance department, 64 percent to manage logistics department, and 49 percent for marketing segment. These companies only expected that the projected usage of IT in the finance department would increase to 81 percent, logistics to 79 percent and marketing to 78 percent in a span of five years. Similar trend were also seen within the business environment of UK (Wierenga, and Bruggen, 2000, p. 5-7). Nowadays IT links the marketing and functional equivalents, so a s to offer accessibility to market information. By streamlining the suppliers, customers, and functional department through a single IT network, huge benefits can be derived. This would have been quite complex if IT framework did not existed. The major factor in the shifting marketing background is the emergence of IT based communication network. With the advancement of IT, the demands of the customer are also increasing because they are already receiving augmented products. The emergence of internet and diverse assortment of online tools are accessible by the organization to reach out to the target audiences (Lamb, Hair, Jr., and McDaniel, 2007, p. 19-20). A major

Internal Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Internal Marketing - Essay Example (Tathman, 1978, no page) Creating an enabling kind of culture. This is only done when each and every employee is empowered by their management when they allow innovation, creativity and when they allow different kinds of initiatives and take further responsibilities. Ensuring rewards. Each and every kind of an organization must ensure that they are providing their customers and their employees the best thing and along with this when their employees perform well then they should reward them with extra amount, or with extra bonus. Fairness during hard period. There should be a fair treatment when employees are working together they should be treated equally so that they can perform better in an organization and when the performance improves, then automatically they will generate good results. When different people are working together in an organization they are thus there to perform in the most efficient manner. They should thus work very hard in order to generate the best results so that their organization can be prosper and remain competitive. (Tathman, 1978, no page) Internal marketing along with all its activities encourages their employee to perform better and more efficiently. Internal Marketing leads their employees to empower, give them a form of accountability and create a common mean and a common way of understanding their business organization. IM helps to encourage employees in order to offer superb service to all their clients by appreciating their valuable kind of contribution towards the successes of their business, it also helps the non marketing staff in order to learn and make them able in order to perform different forms of staff in the marketing field. It helps in improving the customer retention as well and in the development of the employees of the organization. (Tathman, 1978, no page) Along with this internal marketing integrates the business structure, business culture, the human resource management, social and professional needs and the strategies and vision of the employees. It helps in creating good cooperation and good coordination among the departments of their business. Following are some problems, which effect the implementation of an internal marketing Interpersonal managerial incompetence, the conceptual and technical skills are some of the hard blocks against the successful internal marketing. The poor understanding of all the concepts of an internal marketing. Different types of conflicts, which occurs between individuals and between the departments. Internal marketing is termed as an important tool for implementation. It helps a lot in communication and apart from this it also helps a lot to overcome any kind of resistance for any kind of change. Internal Marketing informs and involves all the staff members in any kind of new initiatives and in all the kind of

Analysis of Walden Paddlers company business model Assignment

Analysis of Walden Paddlers company business model - Assignment Example Problems (1-3 problems) Walden Paddlers Company has been facing the following problems namely: 1. Whether the company should remaining being operated by two people, become a virtual corporation 2. Problem of finding alternative products 3. The problem of finding potential markets (Yang, 2015). Existing Alternatives Walden Paddlers Company had the following options; 1. Focus on kayak market and produce limited number of orders 2. Execute aggressive Kayak market expansion 3. Diversify into other recreational products. Solutions to each problem 1. The company grew tremendously, creating a need to grow virtually which made it able to reach customers located in different parts of the world 2. The company found a new alternative product called paddlers that were cheaper and affordable. 3. The Kayak market was full of giant companies; Walden focused on retail market segment and targeted school and college students (Yang, 2015) Key Metrics The key parameters, in this case, that shows the com pany success include; increase in revenues and sales volumes. i). Helping people to pursue outdoor paddling pleasure in a healthy way ii). To provide clean and suitable living by recycling waste products iii).

Nursing management Essay Example for Free

Nursing management Essay Introduction To lead effectively, you have to strike the difficult balance between communication and accountability. Different situations call for different leadership approaches, depending on corporate needs, objectives and available resources. Ultimately the goal of any leader is to get results. Here’s a list of the various common leadership types. Types of Leadership The Autocrat The autocratic dictator is the one of the most common types of leaders. The autocrat’s approach is to make unilateral decisions without asking for suggestions from other members of the group. Such totalitarian leaders have the advantage of saving time and receiving little oppositions as they seek solutions. The classic example of autocratic leadership is seen in the governments of countries like North Korea, which control their citizens through force and fear. Used positively, this type of approach is helpful to tighten up companies that are suffering from inefficiency or a lack of discipline. The Laissez-Faire Leader This type of leader is the opposite of the autocrat: employees are given a lot of freedom and eeway to work as they see fit. The laissez-faire leader rarely monitors employees and does not get feedback or updates on a regular basis. The style can be advantageous for companies that aim to harness individual leadership skills and encourage initiative among employees. The laissez-faire approach can result in time savings and better intra-office relationships, but only in companies with efficient, honest workers that require little supervision. Over time, leaders still need to follow up on the employees or they may sacrifice efficiency, productivity and affordability. The Motivational Leader A motivational leader helps to bring out the best in everyone. By taking the time to get to know each member of the organization, this type of leader gets to study employee’s strengths and weakness and develop strategies for taking advantage of them. This approach leads to good communication throughout the different levels of an organization. Employees get to share their feelings, thoughts and ideas, and so feel empowered and satisfied. AÂ  motivational leader is perfect in sales organizations or companies that are in need of a creative spark—or a jolt of enthusiasm. The Democrat The democratic leader values every member of the organization and seeks to make each group member feel content and useful. A democrat participates in tasks while respecting and acknowledging the suggestions and contributions of other workers. This approach generally leads to team efficiency and happy employees. Note that while members of the group participate in the planning and decision-making process, the leader makes the final decision based on all available information. The Gratifier The gratifier follows the old carrot-and-stick approach. Such a leader sets goals and then offers relative rewards depending on the contribution and achievements of members. If an employee or department performs poorly, there may be punishments or penalties. One benefit of this traditional management strategy is that it’s possible to initiate competitions within the workplace that often lead to improved—even transcendent—performance. The Innovator An innovator is creative and dynamic, adapting quickly to change and spearheading explosive growth. An innovative leader is aware of new developments in the marketplace and is always listening to other team members, on the lookout for fresh ideas and solutions. The best thing about the innovator’s approach is that the lead-by-example creativity inspires other employees to explore, expand and come up with new concepts of their own. This type of management strategy is particularly effective for tech, media and other idea-driven businesses. Your company’s current needs and goals may dictate the most effective management approach. Be flexible, and respond to changing circumstances or personnel by varying that approach as needed. It’s also wise to tailor your style of management to the capabilities and personalities of your company leaders.

Affirmative Action Essay example -- essays research papers

Affirmative action is the nation’s most ambitious attempt to redress its long history of racial and sexual discrimination, however in modern times and approximately forty years after the establishment of this policy, society is plagued with the issues of whether affirmative action is necessary, whether it is a benefit or detriment to society, and why it incites rather then eases the nation’s internal dilemmas after so many years of having been in effect. In the following paragraphs the issues surrounding this debate, such as what is the definition of affirmative action, how and why affirmative action was established to begin with, who is affected by this policy, whether affirmative action is still necessary in today’s society or if such policy should be done away with, and, finally, possible resolutions to this dilemma, will be reviewed, beginning with the explanation of how affirmative action came about. In March l96I, less than two months after President John F. Kennedy took office, he issued an Executive Order (10925), which established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its mission was to end discrimination in employment by the government and its contractors. The order required every federal contract to include the pledge that "The Contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here for the first time the government called for "affirmative action." Soon, thereafter the Civil Rights Act of 1964 restated and broadened the application of this principle with the Title VI, which declared that "No person in the United States shall, on the ground Or r ace, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." But within one year President Lyndon B. Johnson argued that fairness required more than a commitment to impartial treatment. In his 1965 commencement address at Howard University, he said: "You do not take a person who for years has been hobbled by chains and liberate him... ...us attempt to redress its long history of racial and sexual discrimination, however in modern times and approximately forty years after the establishment of this policy, society is plagued with the issues of whether affirmative action is necessary, whether it is a benefit or detriment to society, and why it incites rather then eases the nation’s internal dilemmas after so many years of having been in effect. In the following paragraphs the issues surrounding this debate, such as what is the definition of affirmative action, how and why affirmative action was established to begin with, who is affected by this policy, whether affirmative action is still necessary in today’s society or if such policy should be done away with, and, finally, possible resolutions to this dilemma. Affirmative Action is the bridge between changing the laws and changing the culture. The radical right wing would have us believe that women and people of color earn less because we don't work as hard or we're not as smart. That simply isn't the case. Laws have changed, but discrimination persists. Affirmative Action only opens doors, women and people of color have to walk through those doors by themselves. Affirmative Action Essay example -- essays research papers Affirmative action is the nation’s most ambitious attempt to redress its long history of racial and sexual discrimination, however in modern times and approximately forty years after the establishment of this policy, society is plagued with the issues of whether affirmative action is necessary, whether it is a benefit or detriment to society, and why it incites rather then eases the nation’s internal dilemmas after so many years of having been in effect. In the following paragraphs the issues surrounding this debate, such as what is the definition of affirmative action, how and why affirmative action was established to begin with, who is affected by this policy, whether affirmative action is still necessary in today’s society or if such policy should be done away with, and, finally, possible resolutions to this dilemma, will be reviewed, beginning with the explanation of how affirmative action came about. In March l96I, less than two months after President John F. Kennedy took office, he issued an Executive Order (10925), which established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its mission was to end discrimination in employment by the government and its contractors. The order required every federal contract to include the pledge that "The Contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here for the first time the government called for "affirmative action." Soon, thereafter the Civil Rights Act of 1964 restated and broadened the application of this principle with the Title VI, which declared that "No person in the United States shall, on the ground Or r ace, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." But within one year President Lyndon B. Johnson argued that fairness required more than a commitment to impartial treatment. In his 1965 commencement address at Howard University, he said: "You do not take a person who for years has been hobbled by chains and liberate him... ...us attempt to redress its long history of racial and sexual discrimination, however in modern times and approximately forty years after the establishment of this policy, society is plagued with the issues of whether affirmative action is necessary, whether it is a benefit or detriment to society, and why it incites rather then eases the nation’s internal dilemmas after so many years of having been in effect. In the following paragraphs the issues surrounding this debate, such as what is the definition of affirmative action, how and why affirmative action was established to begin with, who is affected by this policy, whether affirmative action is still necessary in today’s society or if such policy should be done away with, and, finally, possible resolutions to this dilemma. Affirmative Action is the bridge between changing the laws and changing the culture. The radical right wing would have us believe that women and people of color earn less because we don't work as hard or we're not as smart. That simply isn't the case. Laws have changed, but discrimination persists. Affirmative Action only opens doors, women and people of color have to walk through those doors by themselves.