Calculating Cargo Load

Calculating Cargo LoadMV STC Bulk Carrier is a geared handy max sight carrier with five chequers and a DWT of 49500T (summer).SHIPS GENERAL PARTICULARSNAME STC BULK CARRIERTYPE BULK CARRIERDWT SUMMER49500 TDISPALCEMENT SUMMER57923TONNESDISPLACEMENT WINTER56423TONNESNUMBER OF HOLDS5 (ALL lav CARRY HEAVY ORE )CRANES430 TONNESHEAVY WEATHER HOLDNO 3BALLAST PUMP CAPACITY2x2000T/HrCONSUMPTIONFO-32TONNES PER DAYDO-2TONNES PER DAY IN PORTFW-4TONNES PER DAY IN PORT AND AT SEASEA SPEED14 KNOTSThe post has received the voyage orders as followsDischarge bulk sugar SF 1.224 m3/tonnes at Jubail using 3 vacuum discharge at a rate of 250t/hr per vacuum dischargeLoad maximum load of second SF 0.87 m3/tonnes with 4 shore feeders at Sharjah.Maximum draft at Sharjha berth is 15 metresVessel will receive the required bunkers for the voyage at Sharjah after freightage operation.DISTANCE FOR THE VOYAGES Distance Dar Es Salam to Jubail is 3744 NmDistance Jubail to Sharjah is 373 NmDistance Sharjah t o Summer Load Line is 3210 NmDistance Sharjah to Melbourne is 6490 NmThe vessel is presently in tropical geographical zone and will be entering the summer zone on its way to Melbourne , so dispatch should ne impish keeping in mind that the vessel should be at here summer marks an arrival at summer load bankers bill i.e zone altogether toldowance should be added to get the correct value of shipment to be taut .This assignment covers a detail calculation on how to get the derive amount of cargo to load when vessel will be entering from one zone to other and different loadicator conditions .ANSWERGather in make-up relating to the cargo from the IMSBC, comp each procedure, flag state requirements.Check if the cargo is in group A, B, CSulphur is in Group B and Group C. The IMSBC states that the group B cargo of sulphur dejectionnot be carried in bulk so we will be carrying group C sulphur cargo.GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION OF HOLDSTool boxful meeting to be carried out (MCA, 2016)Risk assessment to be carried out (MCA, 2016)Communication to be check out between the see to it ,bridge and cargo control inhabit (MCA, 2016)The cargo hold to be properly air out , gasses to be checked and a permit of work to be issued (MCA, 2016) (IMO, 2016)Dunnages to be removed if both.Bilges to be cleaned and dry (PI, 2002)Strum boxes, bilge covers, sounding pipes and thermometer pipes should be cleaned and not be defectedBilge suction of each hold to be tried out and ruin in good order (IMO, 2016)Bilges to be covered with burlap.The ventilation should be tried outAny damage in the cargo hold to be repaired (MCA, 2016)Hatch covers and entrance to the holds to be tried out for body of water supply tightness (PI, 2002)Hatch track ways to be cleaned (PI, 2002)All lighting collection in holds to be checked and any damaged or not working ones to be replaced (MCA, 2016)Fire detection extinguishing system should be checked (STC, 2017)A thorough hold inspection to be carried out (PI, 2002)Crew should relegate helmets, gloves, bpetroleumer suits, dust m use ups and gum boots at only time during clean process ,safety harness to be used when working aloft in the holds (MCA, 2016)DB tanks to be pressed to check if any leaks in the holds.Discharging of hold back tone down water should be carried out in accordance with MARPOL Annex V regulation 4.1.3 6.1.2 (IMO, 2011)Test entries to be logged down (STC, 2017)Any special requirements by the terminal, owners or flag state for hold preparation should be carried out.ADDITIONAL PREPARATION FOR SULPHUR CARGOFresh water washing of holds to be carried out. (PI, 2002) (IMO, 2016)Fire line to be rinsed using fresh water from fresh water tanks using a GS pump. Once the line is flushed make sure that the anchor wash and all fire hydrants are shut (PI, 2002)Holds and bilges to be completely dry before payload (IMO, 2016)Electric equipments in holds nigh(a)by spaces should be as such safe or if not then they should be isolated (IMO, 2016)Ventilators Spark arrestors to be inspected repaired if required (IMO, 2016)Bilge pumping arrangement shall be inspected for satisfactory operation burnt lime washing should be through with(p) on tank top and lower sections of cargo spaces (IMO, 2016)Upper part of the hold shall have a sound diligence of paint, if any paint has been pilled off then that firmament shall be painted (IMO, 2016)Any loos corrosion shall be removed (IMO, 2016)Machinery and equipments to be covered to protect it from blue sulphur dust particles (IMO, 2016)ANSWERHAZARDS OF RAW SUGAR AND SULPHURRAW SUGAR scratch dissolve when comes in contact with water, this whitethorn result in formation of air pockets in the body of the cargo as the ship moves (IMO, 2016) (PI, SEPT 2006)It has a tendency of self heating/spontaneous combustion. It should be loaded well clear of places having source of ignition or heatSugar has the tendency to absorb order (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Raw sugar gets contaminated (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013)Shrinkage or shortage of cargo due to loss of water vapour (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013)Insect may be formed in sugar which poop lead to diseases (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013)Sugar if melted may form sticky syrup like form (PI, SEPT 2006)Raw sugar has a distinct molasses smell that will shove along other cargoes (Thomas, n.d.)Raw sugar has a higher moisture than refined (Thomas, n.d.)SULPHUR Flammable and may have dust explosion during loading and set downIf catches fire emits harmful gasesIt reacts with sea water and produces corrosive acids and suffocating gasesSometime of granule sulphur behaves like grain which may result in shifting of cargoDry sulphur does not react with bare steel, but wet sulphur (sulphur containing free water) is potentially highly corrosive (PI, 2002)When sulphur is loaded, any well-kept free water filters to the bottom of the holds during the voyage From in that respect it is pumped out via the bilges (PI, 2002)Person may get a burning sensation in eyes when loading sulphurPRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING RAW SUGAR IN BULK Should be loaded away from the source of heat. NO SMOKING near the area of loading sugar (PI, SEPT 2006)The ships hold should be cleaned well before loading and should be free from any odourProper PPE to be worn by crew at all the timeDust clouds should not be formed during loadingTemperature and moisture contains of sugar to be monitored during loading and carriage and if required ventilation should be carried out to avoid cakingFermentation may result in formation of CO2 gas. Holds essential(prenominal) be ventilated before entry and automatic teller machine to be checked (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013)Loading operation should not be carried out in case of rainCare must be taken to make sure that hot sugar is not loaded into a bulk carrier intended to sail through wintry waters to its discharging port, as change in temperature establish within a carg o can result in moisture transfer, and this in turn can cause caking of the cargo (Thomas, n.d.)PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING SULPHUR IN BULK Smoking and hot work shall not be permitted in cargo spaces and nearby areaAll spaces and storerooms adjacent to the cargo area should be properly ventilated and proper precautions should be taken when entering in cargo hold and atmosphere should be monitoredA fine spray of fresh water is used to keep the dust downThe loader should be positioned properly to avoid formation of dust cloudsLoading operation should not be carried out in case of heavy rainProper trimming of cargo to be doneSurface ventilation must be carried out as required during the voyageFace mask and eye protection should be worn at all timesLime washing of the tank top to be carried out cargo holds and bilges do be completely dry to celebrate corrosionThe upper part of the hold should be painted and pilled of paint should be repainted to avoid corrosion (IMO, 2016) Protect the machinery and equipments from small dust particles of sulphur (IMO, 2016)If sulphur catches fire, it should be smothered with more sulphur or with a very fine spray of fresh water not salt water (Thomas, n.d.) there is danger of dust explosion with powdered sulphur during loading and whilst cleaning the holds of sulphur (Thomas, n.d.)The shipper is required to provided the teaching regarding the cargo to be loaded as per SOLAS 1974 Chapter VI Reg 2 and the IMSBC Code section 4.2. Shipper may deliver this declaration by fax or other electronic guile. In any electronic device where the signature of the declaring party cannot be transmitted full name of the declarant in capital letters must be provided on the form (STC, 2017)Cargo information shall be confirmed in written and by suitable shipping document before loading (IMO, 2016)Document should contain following information.The BCSN (IMO, 2016)The group of cargo (IMO, 2016)IMO class of the cargo (IMO, 2016)The UN numbe r if applicable (IMO, 2016)The total quantity of cargo to load (IMO, 2016)The stowage factor (IMO, 2016)If trimming required and the procedures for trimming (IMO, 2016)Angle of eternal rest (IMO, 2016)If the cargo has a likelihood of shifting (IMO, 2016)Moisture content certificate (IMO, 2016)Transportable moisture limit value (IMO, 2016)If the cargo may form a wet base (IMO, 2016)Toxic or flammable gases emitted by the cargo (IMO, 2016)Flammability ,toxicity, corrosiveness of the cargo (IMO, 2016)Self heating properties of the cargo if any (IMO, 2016)Gases emitted if in contact with water if applicable (IMO, 2016)If the cargo has any radioactive properties (IMO, 2016)And other information required by the national authorities (IMO, 2016)Whether the cargo is harmful to the marine environment (IMO, 2016)Shipper expand (STC, 2017)Transport document number (STC, 2017)Means of transport (STC, 2017)Place of loading (STC, 2017)Port of discharging (STC, 2017)Additional certificate like b raveing certificate ,exemption certificate if applicable (STC, 2017) hu while being health criteria data (STC, 2017)To obtain the information require by the section 4 of IMSBC code the shipper need to get the cargo properly sampled and tested (IMO, 2016)When water is found cargo holds loaded with bulk cargo there are a many reasons and each should be taken into account (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.)The water may be given out by the cargo or there is a leak in hatch covers. It may have entered through any access hatch or an open sounding pipe. Water may have sipped in through a crack in the deck or the hatch coming or through a damaged ventilator (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.)Ship staffs should have an accurate idea of the capacity of the hold bilge rise up i.e. the greatest value are the sounding of the bilge when full and the approximate tonnage of water contained by the bilge when full (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.)Aboard a ship which is well maintained the possible cause for an increased hold bilge sounding is that water has drained from the cargo into the bilge. When water is drain from the cargo there are two key requirements. The water must be pumped out of the bilge and not allowed to flood the hold, and the tonnage of water removed must be logged. It is advisable to keep a record of the tonnage of water discharged from the hold bilges, as recommended by the UN Draught Survey Code24 and in any(prenominal) trades it is a maper party requirement (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.)When soundings are found to be rising for no reason a problem must be pretend and the hold must be investigated for a leak. The accessibility to the hold will depend upon the quantity of cargo, speed of flooding, shifting cargo and dangerous gases. If the hold can be safely entered, taking all precaution for enclosed space entry it may be possible to find an explanation for the flooding. If the hold cannot be entered, a careful exterior inspection of the compartment in search for any fitting which is improperly closed or damaged. If the sounding is found to increase whenever the vessel ships water on deck, a leak at deck level should be suspected. If the flooding continues at the same rate, or an increasing rate, at all times it suggests that the damage is below water level (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.)FOLLOWING ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT Firstly find out the amount of water in the hold and the root cause of water ingress admit out a risk assessment of the situationCheck the sounding of the bilges ballast tanks ,fuel oil tanks, void spaces etcNo cargo operation to be carried out in hold No1 until total assessment of situation carried outStability of the ship to be checkedIf entry in hold is to be done then ventilate the holds and work permit to be issuedInform the terminal about the damageCalculate the total amount of cargo damagedMake a log book entry of all the eventsMake sure all man holds nut bolts full tight and gasket in good conditionCheck comings, booby hatch entrance and de ck plaiting for leakageMake sure all the bilge valves are properly shutDo not allow anyone to take pictures of the hold without permissionIf cargo damage is found, contact PI correspondents and ask them to arrangement of a survey.Following information to be given to correspondents- name of the vessel, date of the incident ,place of the incident , cargo particulars, quantity of damaged cargo, amount of the damage, localization principle of cargo, bill of lading no, loading port, loaded quantity ,cause of the damage, contact details of the agent ETA/ETD of the vessel (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.)Try to control further damage by taking all possible measures for lessening of damage unless such would involve a risk to the vessels safety (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.)Take photos of the damaged cargo and the suspected causes (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) lumber book entries like, sea conditions, weather and wind force (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.)Sea protest should be filed at next calling port, if the damage was caused by bad weather (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.)Make sure all time delays have been loggedFOLLOWING PERSONS TO BE INFORMED OwnersCharters and sub chartersManagerLocal agentsVessels insurance club e.g. PIDPA adept superintendent of the shipTerminalClass of the vesselOTHER REFRENCES (Swedishclub, 2013) (PI, 2017) (WEST OF ENGLAND , n.d.)Q10 PROCEDURE FOR MAINTAINING THE CARGO LIFTING PLANRegular maintenance should be carried out in order to keep the equipment in good order (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016)Inspection of the equipments should be carried out by a competent person. It should be carried out as required by the Regulations but in any event at least at one time yearbookly (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016)Check for defects like cracks, corrosion and wear and tear that could affect SWL (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016)If in doubt about the equipment has , exceeding the Safe Working Load (SWL), or subjected to treatment likely to cause damage, it should be removed of service till a competent person carries out an examination ( MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006)Regular greasing of equipments to be carried out (MCA, 2006)The condition of all ropes and chains should be checked regularly and damaged once to be replaced .Shackles, links and rings should be renewed if damaged (MCA, 2006)Examine the structure for any damages (MCA, 2016)There should not be any trap water inside the Gantries (MCA, 2016)Limit switch, stop botton, controls and brakes to be checked on regular basis (MCA, 2016)Makers specific parts to be used if any parts are to be replaced. Once any maintenance is done the equipment should be examined by a competent person before using it (MCA, 2016) exserts The annual inspections and periodical thorough examination shall be carried out. Inspection and maintenance should be carried out as per the Planned Maintenance schedule (PIUK, n.d.)The following things shall be inspected for signs of deformation, corrosion, cracks, etcCrane JibsWinch and the foundation of the winch.Goose neck, blocks, shackles, hooks, spide r bands etcMarking on the gear should be checked and clearly visiblelocking arrangements of all shackles and blocks to be inspectedlubrication of all the parts should be carried out as per the lubrication plan in plan maintenance systemAll wires shall be inspected for any damagesHydraulic systems to be inspected for proper functioningBlocks Annual inspection of blocks to be carried out. Responsible Ships officer should carry out periodic inspection of the blocks on a periodical basis. Carry out the inspection and maintenance as per the premenstrual syndrome (PIUK, n.d.)Following checks to be carried outCheck for free movement of sheave heads and swivelCheck grooves on sheave for wear and tearCheck if any distortion or damage on side plate.Check for any play in the axel pinCheck that the meander of the pin is in good order .Check split pin andGrease nipples and markings should not be painted .Lubrication to be carried out as per the lubrication chartSlings(PIUK, n.d.)Slings should b e annually inspectedResponsible Officer should inspect it before usePeriodic inspection should be carried out a per PMSDuring these inspections the following shall be checked-Check if any broken strands, kinks and corrosion.Check rings, thimbles, for damages, deformity and corrosion.Slings should not be used if any signs of damageLubrication as per the manufacturersCheck the tags on trebuchet and compare it with the certificate. A sling without a tag should notWires Wire ropes should be inspected regularly and replaced if stands broken, kinked, worn, or corroded. They should be lubricated and renewed as per the PMSReference (MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006) (STC, 2017) (PIUK, n.d.)